doline

doline - a closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g., cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. from a few to many hundreds of metres in dimension.

Gillieson, 1996

Dolines are also sometimes known as sinkholes, particularly by engineers and especially in North America.

Gunn, 2004

Sinkholes or dolines are closed land surface depressions with internal drainage typically formed in karst environments.

Hofierka et al., 2018 po Ford and Williams, 2007

Dolines are a sign of the current shaping of the surface by precipitation water that percolates vertically through it and passes through the vadose part of the aquifer to the underground water.

Knez and Slabe, 2012

The term doline, of Slavonic origin, means literally valley but actually it has been used since a long time to indicate more or less well defined topographically depressed areas related to karst.

Mihevc and Gabrovšek, 2012

doline : A basin- or funnel-shaped hollow in limestone, ranging in diameter from a few meters to a kilometer and in depth from a few to several hundred meters. Some dolines are gentle grassy hollows; others are rocky cliff-bounded basins. A distinction may be made between those formed mainly by direct solution of the limestone surface zone, solution dolines, and those formed by collapse over a cave, collapse dolines, but it is generally not possible to establish the origin of individual examples.

Monroe, 1970

The Slav term doline means “depression” and in a broad sense includes channels and hollows of different types, such as fluvial valleys, dry valleys, blind valleys, uvalas, poljes, and karst dolines.

White and Culver, 2012

torca : Large closed depression, more or less circular; a doline.

Monroe, 1970

In order for a sinkhole to form in the first place, there are three requirements: a drainage path for the surface water runoff to follow ; a zone of bedrock modified by solution located at or near the surface; and a covering of soil or some other material making up the land surface (this last is not an absolute requirement; when that cover is absent, certain types of sinkholes can still form).

Fleury, 2009

The term sinkhole is sometimes used to refer both to dolines (especially in North America and in the engineering literature) and to depressions where streams sink underground, which in Europe are described by separate terms (including ponor, swallow hole, and stream-sink).

Gunn, 2004

sink, sinkhole : General terms for closed depressions. They may be basin, funnel, or cylindrical shaped.

Monroe, 1970

A typical sinkhole is bowl shaped, with one or more low spots along its bottom.

Veni et al., 2001

According to this concept, a sinkhole is part of a long-term process and it may have different forms and surface expressions at different times.

White and Culver, 2012